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Public procurement in Bulgaria. Illegal practices. Appeal.
Introduction:
With this article, I aim to shed light on a case from practice concerning an architectural open competition for a project held in accordance with the Public Procurement Act (PPA) in the direction of the limits of interpretation of the legal framework by the Contracting Authority, which without any irony in case, it turns out there are none.
Through the specific case study, typical examples grossly violating the imperatives of the PPA and its principles - equality and free competition, the ranking of favored participants, notice through an optional element of performance, and yet gave priority in the evaluation and ranked the competition projects in the first three places.
An interesting highlight of the public procurement, which will be analyzed, is the determined prize fund for the first three ranked participants in the amount of BGN 20,000 in total, with the focus being on the additional condition specified in the announcement of the competition and which states that " the ranked First of all, a participant will be invited to prepare a technical and working investment project and author's supervision for the construction of a new building in accordance with Article 79, paragraph 1, item 9 of the Public Procurement Act. [1] ", for which project note that 300,000 BGN have been allocated . Thus set, the condition for participation of only the first ranked in a subsequent procedure with a significant predictive value, is worth discussing in accordance with the legal and judicial doctrine of the Community law of the European Union and the introduced rule in the direction of ensuring competition on the widest possible basis, laid down in fact as a rule in Directive 2014/24/EU.
Top 10 crypto destinations in the world. Legal framework, established ecosystem, regulations and fees.
- Атанас Костов
- ПУБЛИКАЦИИ
Top 10 crypto destinations in the world. Legal framework, established ecosystem, regulations and fees.
I.Introduction.
This article aims to define the top 10 hottest crypto destinations in the world by analyzing their existing regulations, focusing on specific features of the legal framework, and analyzing existing exemptions and taxes. I wrote this piece because more and more often my clients from the crypto industry ask me - where to invest, why there, what are the reasons, how to structure a business and a specific trading company, can we explore fees, tax breaks, etc. Here is an analytical and detailed structured answer to all these questions.
1.United States.
The United States has been a leader in cryptocurrency regulations, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) taking an active role in regulating the industry. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) also considers cryptocurrencies as property for tax purposes.
Unfair competition. Unfair competition lawyer in Bulgaria – Mr.Atanas Kostov.
Unfair competition is any act or omission in the conduct of business which is contrary to good commercial practice and harms or is likely to harm the interests of competitors in their relations with each other or with consumers. Kostov & Partners has a long-standing practice in unfair competition cases involving legal representation before the Commission for Protection of Competition (CPC) and the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC). Attorney Kostov has also made a scientific contribution to the development of doctrine on the subject, as he is the author of a number of articles and publications focusing on unfair competition, which help to solve specific practical problems in the field of competition law.
How to register a trademark in Bulgaria?
- Атанас Костов
- ПУБЛИКАЦИИ
How to register a trademark in Bulgaria? Trademark attorney in Bulgaria - Mr. Atanas Kostov.
1) Trademark applicants can be both Bulgarian natural and legal persons and foreign natural and legal persons acting before the Patent Office through a local industrial property representative. Bulgarian law does not necessarily require the applicant to be an industrial or commercial enterprise which produces or markets the goods or provides the services for which it wishes to register the trademark.
In order to obtain the registration of a trademark, it is necessary to file an application with the Patent Office of the Republic of Bulgaria - directly, by mail, by fax or electronically. When the application is filed electronically, the identification of the applicant and the industrial property representative by a unique identifier and an electronic signature within the meaning of the Law on Electronic Documents and Electronic Signatures are not required. In case of filing by fax, the original documents must be received by the Patent Office within one month from the date of the fax. The date of transmission of the fax must be clearly indicated on the original documents sent.
How to protect copyright in Bulgaria?
- Атанас Костов
- ПУБЛИКАЦИИ
How to protect copyright in Bulgaria? Copyright attorney in Bulgaria - Mr.Atanas Kostov.
An author is any natural person who, as a result of his creative activity, creates a work in the field of literature, science or technology.
The author is presumed to be the person whose name or other identifying sign appears on the work. In some cases, the author is a legal person - for example, in the case of computer programs created within the framework of an employment relationship (according to Article 14 of the Bulgarian Copyright and Related Rights Act).
